Growth Retardation, Oxidative Stress, Immunosuppression, and Inflammatory Disturbances Induced by Herbicide Exposure of Catfish, Clarias gariepinus, and the Alleviation Effect of Dietary Wormwood, Artemisia cina

The present study evaluated the impact of chronic herbicide (oxyfluorfen; OXY) exposure on catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in terms growth, hematobiochemical parameters, immune response, antioxidant- and immune-related gene expression, resistance to monogenean parasites, Quadriacanthus aegypticus. In addition, protective role Wormwood, Artemisia cina (AC) against OXY through diet inclusion was also analyzed. catfish fingerlings were exposed (1.16 mg/L) for 60 days fed diets without AC supplementation (control) with 5% supplementation. results demonstrated that stunted growth; decreased survival, erythrograms leukograms, serum protein, acetylcholinesterase; negatively altered antioxidant status. On contrary, significantly reduced OXY’s negative impacts growth hematological, biochemical, balance. markedly increased levels biomarkers hepatorenal damage, stress indicators, DNA which alleviated induced immunosuppression manifested by a decrease lysozyme activities, complement c3, nitric oxide levels, phagocytic activity. Furthermore, regulated expression immune-antioxidant genes (CAT, GPX1, SOD1, GST, TGF-Β1). However, it upregulated CYP1a, IL-1β, TNF-α liver, anterior kidney, intestine C. gariepinus. Meanwhile, addition OXY-exposed fish notably restored components remedied expressions. Likewise, OXY-induced reduction survival rate after Q. aegypticus challenge. Accordingly, dietary could alleviate performance, physiological status, some immune-antioxidant-related expression.